Fig. 1 Baseline geometry and CFD setup for the single groove seal model, including boundary conditions More about this image found in Baseline geometry and CFD setup for the single groove seal model, including...

Fig. 2 Diagram of the effective film thickness for a single groove, shown as the yellow dotted line More about this image found in Diagram of the effective film thickness for a single groove, shown as the y...

Fig. 3 Sample processing and isolation of the effective film thickness (top) and individual components of the axial (middle) and circumferential (bottom) bulk flow momentum equations. The middle and bottom plots y -axis labels are defined in Eq. (9) . More about this image found in Sample processing and isolation of the effective film thickness (top) and i...

Fig. 4 Profiles of film thickness, cumulative axial FSS component, and cumulative circumferential FSS component (top to bottom) for various AR and constant operating conditions. Note that all profiles in the bottom two plots correspond to the FSS component. The middle and bottom plots y -axis lab... More about this image found in Profiles of film thickness, cumulative axial FSS component, and cumulative ...

Fig. 5 Top: sample axial FSS profile depicting the two linear approximations considered. The y -axis label is defined in Eq. (9) . Bottom: error in slope between the groove region fit and the applied net FSS contribution. More about this image found in Top: sample axial FSS profile depicting the two linear approximations consi...

Fig. 6 Axial and circumferential FSS ratios for a range of AR for all three AR sets. Results are approximately constant for AR > 2 and are thus omitted. More about this image found in Axial and circumferential FSS ratios for a range of AR for all three AR set...

Fig. 7 Data and surface model fits for the axial (top row) and circumferential (bottom row) FSS ratios for the shallow, middle, and deep data sets. Also included are the single groove validation case results (middle plots). The color (shading) scale for the surface model fits is uniform across eac... More about this image found in Data and surface model fits for the axial (top row) and circumferential (bo...

Fig. 8 Comparison of the model predicted axial (top) and circumferential (bottom) FSS ratios to those extracted from individual groove sections of the full seal CFD simulations. Groove number increases with axial location. Included are 95% confidence intervals for new model predictions, displayed ... More about this image found in Comparison of the model predicted axial (top) and circumferential (bottom) ...

Fig. 9 Prediction of leakage versus ξ g for the standard bulk flow method compared to the FSS modified bulk flow method and experimentally reported leakage. The vertical red (solid) line denotes the intersection between the standard bulk flow predictions and experimental results. More about this image found in Prediction of leakage versus ξ g for the standard bulk flow method com...

Fig. 10 Prediction of the axial profile of circumferential velocity for the standard bulk flow method compared to the FSS modified bulk flow method and full seal CFD results More about this image found in Prediction of the axial profile of circumferential velocity for the standar...

Fig. 1 Sketch of sliding contact of a single hemispherical asperity pair More about this image found in Sketch of sliding contact of a single hemispherical asperity pair

Fig. 2 Contact characteristics of two sliding contact micro-asperities More about this image found in Contact characteristics of two sliding contact micro-asperities

Fig. 3 Circular heat source with a parabolic heat distribution More about this image found in Circular heat source with a parabolic heat distribution

Fig. 4 FEM model with completed meshing: ( a ) total view and ( b ) part-sectioned view of asperities More about this image found in FEM model with completed meshing: ( a ) total view and ( b ) part-sectioned...

Fig. 5 Mesh convergence test results for case 1 More about this image found in Mesh convergence test results for case 1

Fig. 6 FEM results with parameters R * = 0.824 μ m, d 0 = 0.1 μ m, U = 7.5 m/s: ( a ) sectional view of assembly with T distribution when T attains maximum value, ( b ) T distribution on Al 2 O 3 asperity surface at the moment of ( a ), ( c ) T distribution on SiC asperity surface... More about this image found in FEM results with parameters R * = 0.824 μ m, d 0 = 0.1 μ m, U = 7.5...

Fig. 7 p S-max under different parameter settings More about this image found in p S-max under different parameter settings