Extensive investigations have been carried out in the present paper to understand polymer gear performance, i.e., wear and contact behaviors. The experimental results and possible wear mechanisms for polymer gears run against themselves have been presented, especially the wear rate of the polymer gears under different running speeds and loads. The tested samples were made of three different materials (acetal, nylon, and polycarbonate (PC)) and the effects of two different manufacturing techniques were also investigated (i.e., machine-cut and injection-molded polymer gears). The polymer gear performances (wear and life) were recorded using a uniquely designed and built test rig for this purpose. The testing results have been compared with the existing literature for polymer fatigue and wear theory. Further extensive investigations have been carried out to understand the wear phenomena on tooth flank surface profile of these gears and the data obtained have been discussed.
Issue Section:
Applications
References
1.
Mott
, R. L.
, 2013
, Machine Elements in Mechanical Design, Pearson Education
, Hoboken, NJ.2.
Gwinner
, P.
, Otto
, M.
, and Stahl
, K.
, 2014
, “Lightweight Torque-Vectoring Transmission for the Electric Vehicle V ISIO. M
,” COFAT' 14
, Munich, Germany.3.
Yelle
, H.
, and Burns
, D. J.
, 1981
, “Calculation of Contact Ratios for Plastic/Plastic or Plastic/Steel Spur Gear Pairs
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
, 103
(2
), pp. 528
–542
.4.
Gauvin
, R.
, Girard
, P.
, and Yelle
, H.
, 1980
, “Investigation of the Running Temperature of Plastic/Steel Gear Pairs
,” ASME Paper No.
80-C1.5.
BSI
, 1987
, “Specification for Non-Metallic Spur Gears
,” British Standards Institution, London, UK, Standard No. BS6168
.https://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=0000000000001671316.
AGMA
, 1997
, “Tooth Proportions for Plastic Gears
,” AGMA, Alexandria, VA, Standard No. ANSI/AGMA 1006-A97
.https://standards.globalspec.com/std/646515/agma-10067.
Radzevich
, S. P.
, 2013
, Theory of Gearing: Kinematics, Geometry, and Synthesis
, CRC Press
, Boca Raton, FL.8.
Walton
, D.
, and Shi
, Y. W.
, 1989
, “A Comparison of Ratings for Plastic Gears
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C
, 203
(1
), pp. 31
–38
.9.
Mao
, K.
, 1993
, “The Performance of Dry Running Non-Metallic Gears
,” Ph.D. thesis, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.10.
Hooke
, C. J.
, Mao
, K.
, Walton
, D.
, Breeds
, A. R.
, and Kukureka
, S. N.
, 1993
, “Measurement and Prediction of the Surface Temperature in Polymer Gears and Its Relationship to Gear Wear
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 115
(1
), pp. 119
–124
.11.
Evans
, S. M.
, and Keogh
, P. S.
, 2016
, “Efficiency and Running Temperature of a Polymer-Steel Spur Gear Pair From Slip/Roll Ratio Fundamentals
,” Tribol. Int.
, 97
, pp. 379
–389
.12.
Mertens
, A. J.
, Kumar
, P.
, and Senthilvelan
, S.
, 2016
, “The Effect of the Mating Gear Surface Over the Durability of Injection-Molded Polypropylene Spur Gears
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J
, 230
(12
), pp. 1401
–1414
.13.
Yousef
, S.
, Osman
, T. A.
, Abdalla
, A. H.
, and Zohdy
, G. A.
, 2015
, “Wear Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Acetal Spur, Helical, Bevel and Worm Gears Using a TS Universal Test Rig
,” JOM
, 67
(12
), pp. 2892
–2899
.14.
Senthilvelan
, S.
, and Gnanamoorthy
, R.
, 2004
, “Damage Mechanisms in Injection Molded Unreinforced, Glass and Carbon Reinforced Nylon 66 Spur Gears
,” Appl. Comp. Mater.
, 11
(6
), pp. 377
–397
.15.
Verein Deutscher Ingenieure Standards
, 2014
, “Part 2: Thermoplastic Gear Wheels—Cylindrical Gears—Calculation of the Load-Carrying Capacity
,” VDI, Düsseldorf, Germany, Standard No. VDI 2736
.https://standards.globalspec.com/std/1684637/din-vdi-2736-blatt-216.
Pogačnik
, A.
, and Tavčar
, J.
, 2015
, “An Accelerated Multilevel Test and Design Procedure for Polymer Gears
,” Mater. Des.
, 65
, pp. 961
–973
.17.
Kukureka
, S. N.
, Hooke
, C. J.
, Rao
, M.
, Liao
, P.
, and Chen
, Y. K.
, 1999
, “The Effect of Fibre Reinforcement on the Friction and Wear of Polyamide 66 Under Dry Rolling–Sliding Contact
,” Tribol. Int.
, 32
(2
), pp. 107
–116
.18.
Hooke
, C. J.
, Kukureka
, S. N.
, Liao
, P.
, Rao
, M.
, and Chen
, Y. K.
, 1996
, “The Friction and Wear of Polymers in Non-Conformal Contacts
,” Wear
, 200
(1–2
), pp. 83
–94
.19.
Takanashi
, S.
, and Shoji
, A.
, 1980
, “On the Temperature Rise in the Teeth of Plastic Gears
,” International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference
, San Francisco, CA.20.
Wright
, N.
, and Kukureka
, S.
, 2001
, “Wear Testing and Measurement Techniques for Polymer Composite Gears
,” Wear
, 251
(1–12
), pp. 1567
–1578
.21.
Mertens
, A. J.
, and Senthilvelan
, S.
, 2016
, “Surface Durability of Injection-Moulded Carbon Nanotube–Polypropylene Spur Gears
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part L
, (accepted).22.
Mao
, K.
, Langlois
, P.
, Hu
, Z.
, Alharbi
, K.
, Xu
, X.
, Milson
, M.
, Li
, W.
, Hooke
, C. J.
, and Chetwynd
, D.
, 2015
, “The Wear and Thermal Mechanical Contact Behaviour of Machine Cut Polymer Gears
,” Wear
, 332
, pp. 822
–826
.23.
Ensinger
, 2014
, “Polyamide 66 Data Sheet
,” AGRO AG, Hunzenschwil.24.
DuPont Engineering Polymers
, 2008
, “Acetal 500P Data Sheet
,” DELRIN®, Meadowlands, Boulevard.25.
DSM Engineering Plastics
, 2011
, “Polyamide 46 Data Sheet
,” DSM, Birmingham, MI.26.
Bayer Material Science LLC
, 2008
, “Polycarbonate Data Sheet
,” RTP Co., St, Winona, MN.27.
Lancaster
, J. K.
, 1971
, “Estimation of the Limiting PV Relationships for Thermoplastic Bearing Materials
,” Tribology
, 4
(2
), pp. 82
–86
.28.
Mao
, K.
, 2007
, “A New Approach for Polymer Composite Gear Design
,” Wear
, 262
(3–4
), pp. 432
–441
.29.
Archard
, J. F.
, 1953
, “Contact and Rubbing of Flat Surfaces
,” J. Appl. Phys.
, 24
(8
), pp. 981
–988
.30.
Friedrich
, K.
, and Reinicke
, P.
, 1998
, “Friction and Wear of Polymer-Based Composites
,” Mech. Compos. Mater.
, 34
(6
), pp. 503
–514
.Copyright © 2019 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
