A model of a secondary hydrodynamic lubrication mechanism, which is called micro-pool or micro-plasto hydrodynamic lubrication, has been developed. It shows that, with sufficiently high viscosity and sliding speed, the lubricant trapped in the micro-pools between the tool and workpiece can be drawn into the interface. The friction force is either increased or decreased, depending on the viscosity and sliding speed. Without bulk stretching, the product of the lubricant viscosity and sliding velocity can be used as an index to indicate whether or not micro-pool lubrication will occur. Stretching the workpiece may make a strong influence not only on the thickness of the permeating film but also on the asperity contact area.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
1.
Azushima
A.
1995
, “Direct Observation of Contact Behavior to Interpret the Pressure Dependfence of the Coefficient of Friction in Sheet metal Forming
,” Annals of CIRP
, Vol. 44
, pp. 209
–212
.2.
Chang
D-F
Wilson
W. R. D.
Marsault
N.
1996
, “Lubrication of Strip Rolling in the Low-Speed Mixed Regime
,” STLE, Tribology Trans.
, Vol. 39
, pp. 407
–415
.3.
Chung, K. J., Lo, S. W., and Horng, T. C., 1997, “Experimental Investigation of Low Speed Lubrication in Bulk Metal Forming Processes,” Proc. 14th National Conf. on Mech. Eng., CSME, Chungli, Taiwan (in Chinese).
4.
Felder
I.
Samper
V.
1994
, “Experimental Study and Theoretical Interpretation of the Frictional Mechanisms in Steel Sheet Forming
,” Wear
, Vol. 178
, pp. 85
–94
.5.
Howser, B., 1992, “A Micromechanical Model for Boundary Friction and Surface Topography Evolution in Strip Rolling,” Ph.D. dissertation. Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University.
6.
Ike
H.
1996
, “Properties of Metal Sheets with 3-D Designed Surface Microgeometry Prepared by Special Rolls
,” J. Mater. Proc. Tech.
, Vol. 60
, pp. 363
–378
.7.
Kataoka, S., Kanno, K., and Kihara, J., 1988, “Experimental Investigation of Lubrication Mechanism in Low Speed Plastic Deformation I, II and III,” JSTP, Ann., Rep., Vol. 56.
8.
Kudo
H.
1965
, “A Note on the Role of Microscopically Trapped Lubricant at the Tool-Work Interface
,” Int. J. Mech. Sci.
, Vol. 7
, pp. 383
–388
.9.
Kudo, H., and Azushima, A., 1987, “Interaction of Surface Microstructure and Lubricant in Metal Forming Tribology,” Proc. 2nd. Int. Conf. on Adv. Technol. of Plasticity, Stuttgart, p. 373.
10.
Lin
H. S.
Marsault
N.
Wilson
W. R. D.
1998
, “A Mixed Lubrication Model for Cold Strip Rolling, Part I: Theoretical
,” STLE Tribology Trans.
, Vol. 41, 3
, pp. 317
–326
.11.
Lo
S. W.
1994
, “A Study on the Flow Phenomena in the Mixed Lubrication Regime by Porous Medium Model
,” ASME JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY
, Vol. 116
, No. 3
, pp. 640
–647
.12.
Lo
S. W.
1995
, “Die-Workpiece Interfacial Behaviors in Axisymmetric Forging Processes with Flat Dies
,” STLE Tribology Trans.
, Vol. 38
, No. 3
, pp. 663
–671
.13.
Lo, S. W., and Chung, K. J., 1998, “The Optimum Condition of Manufacturing a Smooth Engineered Surface by Internal-Ironing Process,” STLE Tribology Trans., Vol. 41, No. 4.
14.
Mizuno
T.
Okamoto
M.
1982
, “Effects of Lubricant Viscosity at Pressure and Sliding Velocity on Lubricating Conditions in the Compression-Friction Test on Sheet Metals
,” ASME JOURNAL OF LUBRICATION TECHNOLOGY
, Vol. 104
, pp. 53
–59
.15.
Patir
N.
Cheng
H. S.
1978
, “An Average Flow Model for Determining Effects of Three-Dimensional Roughness on Partial Hydrodynamic Lubrication
,” ASME JOURNAL OF LUBRICATION TECHNOLOGY
, Vol. 100
, pp. 12
–17
.16.
Patir
N.
Cheng
H. S.
1979
, “An Application of Average Flow Model to Lubrication Between Rough Sliding Surfaces
,” ASME JOURNAL OF LUBRICATION TECHNOLOGY
, Vol. 101
, No. 2
, pp. 220
–230
.17.
Ruan
F.
Kudo
H.
Tsubouch
M.
Hori
T.
1988
, “Experimental Evidence of the Micro-Plasto Hydrodynamic Lubrication Mechanism
,” JSTP, Ann. Rep.
, Vol. 24
, pp. 41
–48
.18.
Wilson
W. R. D.
1971
, “The Temporary Breakdown of Hydrodynamic Lubrication During the Initiation of Extrusion
,” Int. J. Mech. Sci.
, Vol. 13
, pp. 17
–28
.19.
Wilson
W. R. D.
Sheu
S.
1988
, “Real Area of Contact and Boundary Friction in Metal Forming
,” Int. J. Mech. Sci.
, Vol. 30
, No. 7
, pp. 475
–489
.20.
Wilson, W. R. D., 1988, “Friction Models for Metal Forming in the Boundary Lubrication Regime,” ASME, pp. 13–23. (also in J. of Eng. Materials and Technology.)
21.
Wilson
W. R. D.
1990
, “Mixed Lubrication in Metalforming Processes
,” Advanced Technology of Plasticity
, Vol. 4
, pp. 1667
–1676
.22.
Wilson
W. R. D.
1995
, “Low-Speed Mixed Lubrication of Metal Forming Processes
,” Annals of CIRP
, Vol. 44
(1
), pp. 205
–208
.23.
Wilson
W. R. D.
Chang
D-F
1996
, “Low Speed Mixed Lubrication of Bulk Metal Forming Processes
,” ASME JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY
, Vol. 118
, pp. 83
–89
.
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