Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of thermal interactions between heat exchangers integrated within building foundation piles to meet space heating and cooling needs of buildings. Specifically, a three-dimensional transient numerical model is developed to evaluate the thermal performance of the foundation piles. The model is used to estimate the temperature variations within the soil medium under various operation conditions of thermo-active foundation (TAF) systems. Then, a series of parametric analyses is carried out to evaluate the influence of design parameters of the piles on the performance of TAF systems, including the interactive effects between piles as well as the impact of these piles on the building slab heat transfer. Then, the parametric analysis results are utilized to develop simplified calculation methods to assess the thermal impacts of the geometric features for the piles on both the performance of TAF systems as well as the building slab heat losses and/or gains. The developed simplified calculation methods are suitable to develop design guidelines in order to enhance the performance of thermal piles to heat and cool buildings.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
Keywords:
building foundations,
ground source heat pumps,
heating and cooling,
simplified calculation methods,
thermal interactions,
thermal piles,
efficiency,
geothermal,
heat transfer
Topics:
Computer simulation,
Design,
Foundations,
Heat exchangers,
Heat transfer,
Pipes,
Slabs,
Temperature,
Heating and cooling,
Soil,
Fluids,
Dimensions,
Heat
References
1.
EIA
, 2018
, Recent Data: Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector
, United States EnergyInformation Administration, Washington, DC, http://www.eia.gov/consumption/, Accessed July 24, 2019.2.
Krarti
, M.
, 2010
, Energy Audit of Building Systems: An Engineering Approach
, 2nd ed., CRC Press
, Boca Raton, FL
.3.
Gonzalez
, J.
, and Krarti
, M.
, eds, 2017
, Handbook of Integrated and Sustainable Buildings Equipment and Systems
, ASME Press
, New York, NY
, p. 500
.4.
McCartney
, J. S.
, 2015
, “Structural Performance of Thermo-Active Foundations,” Thermo-Active Foundations for Sustainable Buildings, Monograph
, M.
Krarti
, ed., ASME Press
, New York, NY
, p. 150
.5.
Kaltreider
, C.
, Krarti
, M.
, and McCartney
, J.
, 2015
, “Heat Transfer Analysis of Thermo-Active Foundations
,” Energy Build.
, 86
(1
), pp. 492
–501
. 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.09.0636.
Kwag
, B. C.
, and Krarti
, M.
, 2013
, “Performance of Thermoactive Foundations for Commercial Buildings
,” ASME Solar Energy Eng. J.
, 135
(4
), p. 040907
. 10.1115/1.40255877.
Kwag
, B. C.
, and Krarti
, M.
, 2014
, “Development of a Response Factor Model for Thermo-Active Building Foundation
,” Proceedings for ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Volume 6B
, Montreal, Canada
, Nov. 10–14
, Paper No. IMECE2014-36350.8.
Krarti
, M.
, 2015
, Thermo-Active Foundations for Sustainable Buildings, Monograph
, ASME Press
, New York, NY
, p. 150
.9.
Olgun
, C. G.
, Ozudogru
, T. Y.
, Abdelaziz
, S. L.
, and Senol
, A.
, 2015
, “Long-Term Performance of Heat Exchanger Piles
,” Acta Geotech.
, 10
(5
), pp. 553
–569
. 10.1007/s11440-014-0334-z10.
Brandl
, H.
, 1998
, “Energy Piles and Diaphragm Walls for Heat Transfer From and Into the Ground
,” Deep Foundations on Bored and Auger Piles
, W.
Haegeman
and W. F.
Van Impe
, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam
, Oct. 19–21
, University of Ghent, Belgium, pp. 37
–60
.11.
Anstett
, M.
, Hubbuch
, M.
, Laloui
, L.
, Matthey
, B.
, Morath
, M.
, Pahud
, D.
, Parriaux
, A.
, Rybach
, L.
, Schonbachler
, M.
, and Tacher
, L.
, 2005
, Utilisation de la Chaleur du sol par des Ouvrages de Foundation et de Soutenement en Beton, Guide Pour la Conception, la Realisation et la Maintenance
, Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects
, Documentation D
, Zurich, Switzerland, p. 190
.12.
Phillips
, A.
, Raynor
, D.
, Pantelidou
, H.
, Gornali
, D.
, and Nicholson
, D.
, 2010
, Efficient Design of Piled Foundations for Low-Rise Housing-Design Guide
, NHBC Foundation
, Buckinghamshire, UK
.13.
Laloui
, L.
, Nuth
, M.
, and Vulliet
, L.
, 2006
, “Experimental and Numerical Investigations of the Behaviour of a Heat Exchanger Pile
,” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech.
, 30
(8
), pp. 763
–781
. 10.1002/nag.49914.
Bourne-Webb
, P.
, Amatya
, B.
, Soga
, K.
, Amis
, T.
, Davidson
, C.
, and Payne
, P.
, 2009
, “Energy Pile Test at Lambeth College, London: Geotechnical and Thermodynamic Aspects of Pile Response to Heat Cycles
,” Géotechnique
, 59
(3
), pp. 237
–248
. 10.1680/geot.2009.59.3.23715.
Knellwolf
, C.
, Peron
, H.
, and Laloui
, L.
, 2011
, “Geotechnical Analysis of Heat Exchanger Piles
,” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.
, 137
(10
), pp. 890
–902
. 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.000051316.
Wood
, J. C.
, Liu
, H.
, and Riffat
, S. B.
, 2010
, “An Investigation of the Heat Pump Performance and Ground Temperature of a Piled Foundation Heat Exchanger System for a Residential Building
,” Energy
, 25
(12
), pp. 4932
–4940
. 10.1016/j.energy.2010.08.03217.
Sutman
, M.
, Speranza
, G.
, Ferrari
, A.
, Larrey-Lassalle
, P.
, and Laloui
, L.
, 2020
, “Long-Term Performance and Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Piles in Three Different Climatic Conditions
,” Renew. Energy
, 146
, pp. 1177
–1191
. 10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.03518.
Jensen-Page
, L.
, Loveridge
, F.
, and Narsilio
, G. A.
, 2019
, “Thermal Response Testing of Large Diameter Energy Piles
,” Energies
, 12
(14
), p. 2700
. 10.3390/en1214270019.
Omer
, A. M.
, 2008
, “Ground-Source Heat Pumps Systems and Applications
,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.
, 12
(2
), pp. 344
–371
. 10.1016/j.rser.2006.10.00320.
Brandl
, H.
, 2006
, “Energy Foundations and Other Thermo-Active Ground Structures
,” Géotechnique
, 56
(2
), pp. 81
–122
. 10.1680/geot.2006.56.2.8121.
Ooka
, R.
, Sekine
, K.
, Mutsumi
, Y.
, Yoshiro
, S.
, and SuckHo
, H.
, 2007
, Development of a Ground Source Heat Pump System With Ground Heat Exchanger Utilizing the Cast in Place Concrete Pile Foundations of a Building
, EcoStock 2007
, The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey
, Stockton, NJ
.22.
Lu
, Q.
, Narsilio
, G. A.
, Aditya
, G. N.
, and Johnston
, I. W.
, 2017
, “Economic Analysis of Vertical Ground Source Heat Pump Systems in Melbourne
,” Energy
, 125
, pp. 107
–117
. 10.1016/j.energy.2017.02.08223.
Fadejev
, J.
, Simson
, R.
, Kurnitski
, J.
, and Haghighat
, F.
, 2017
, “A Review on Energy Piles Design, Sizing and Modelling
,” Energy
, 122
, pp. 390
–407
. 10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.09724.
Bidarmaghz
, A.
, Narsilio
, G. A.
, Johnston
, I. W.
, and Colls
, S.
, 2016
, “The Importance of Surface Air Temperature Fluctuations on Long-Term Performance of Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers
,” Geomech. Energy Environ.
, 6
, pp. 35
–44
. 10.1016/j.gete.2016.02.00325.
Huerta
, A. L. E.
, and Krarti
, M.
, 2015
, “Foundation Heat Transfer Analysis for Buildings With Thermal Piles
,” Energy Convers. Manage.
, 89
, pp. 449
–457
. 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.10.00826.
Cui
, Y.
, and Zhu
, J.
, 2018
, “Year-round Performance Assessment of a Ground Source Heat Pump With Multiple Energy Piles
,” Energy Build.
, 159
, pp. 509
–524
. 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.10.03327.
Cui
, Y.
, and Zhu
, J.
, 2017
, “3D Transient Heat Transfer Numerical Analysis of Multiple Energy Piles
,” Energy Build.
, 134
, pp. 129
–142
. 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.10.03228.
Alberdi-Pagola
, M.
, 2018
, “Design and Performance of Energy Pile Foundations: Precast Quadratic Pile Heat Exchangers for Shallow Geothermal Energy Systems
,” Ph.D. dissertation
, Aalborg University
, Denmark
.29.
Alberdi-Pagola
, M.
, Poulsen
, S. E.
, Loveridge
, F.
, Madsen
, S.
, and Jensen
, R. L.
, 2018
, “Comparing Heat Flow Models for Interpretation of Precast Quadratic Pile Heat Exchanger Thermal Response Tests
,” Energy
, 145
, pp. 721
–733
. 10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.10430.
Alberdi-Pagola
, M.
, Poulsen
, S. E.
, Jensen
, L. J.
, and Madsen
, S.
, 2019
, “Thermal Design Method for Multiple Precast Energy Piles
,” Geothermics
, 78
, pp. 201
–210
. 10.1016/j.geothermics.2018.12.00731.
Ghasemi-Fare
, O.
, and Basu
, P.
, 2016
, “Predictive Assessment of Heat Exchange Performance of Geothermal Piles
,” Renew. Energy
, 86
, pp. 1178
–1196
. 10.1016/j.renene.2015.08.07832.
Sania
, A. K.
, Singh
, R. M.
, Amis
, T.
, and Cavarretta
, I.
, 2019
, “A Review on the Performance of Geothermal Energy Pile Foundation, Its Design Process and Applications
,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.
, 106
, pp. 54
–78
. 10.1016/j.rser.2019.02.00833.
Eskilson
, P.
, 1987
, “Thermal Analysis of Heat Extraction Boreholes
,” Ph.D. dissertation
, University of Lund
, Sweden
.34.
Hellstrom
, G.
, 1991
, Ground Heat Storage. Thermal Analysis of Duct Storage Systems: Part I Theory
, University of Lund, Department of Mathematical Physics
, Lund, Sweden
.35.
Bauer
, D.
, Heidemann
, W.
, Muller-Steinhagen
, H.
, and Diersch
, H. J. G.
, 2011
, “Thermal Resistance and Capacity Models for Borehole Heat Exchangers
,” Int. J. Energy Res.
, 35
(4
), pp. 312
–320
. 10.1002/er.168936.
Lamarche
, L.
, 2011
, “Analytical G-Function for Inclined Boreholes in Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems
,” Geothermics
, 40
(4
), pp. 241
–249
. 10.1016/j.geothermics.2011.07.00637.
Cui
, P.
, Li
, X.
, Man
, Y.
, and Fang
, Z.
, 2011
, “Heat Transfer Analysis of Pile Geothermal Heat Exchangers With Spiral Coils
,” Appl. Energy
, 88
(11
), pp. 4113
–4119
. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.03.04538.
Cecinato
, F.
, and Loveridge
, F. A.
, 2015
, “Influences on the Thermal Efficiency of Energy Piles
,” Energy
, 82
, pp. 1021
–1033
. 10.1016/j.energy.2015.02.00139.
Zarrella
, A.
, De Carli
, M.
, and Galgaro
, A.
, 2013
, “Thermal Performance of Two Types of Energy Foundation Pile: Helical Pipe and Triple U-Tube
,” Appl. Therm. Eng.
, 61
(2
), pp. 301
–310
. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.08.01140.
Zarrella
, A.
, Emmi
, G.
, and De Carli
, M.
, 2015
, “Analysis of Operating Modes of a Ground Source Heat Pump With Short Helical Heat Exchangers
,” Energy Convers. Manage.
, 97
, pp. 351
–361
. 10.1016/j.enconman.2015.03.05941.
Kwag
, B. C.
, and Krarti
, M.
, 2016
, “Evaluation of Thermo-Active Foundations for Heating and Cooling Residential Buildings
,” ASME J. Solar Energy Eng.
, 138
(6
), p. 061010
. 10.1115/1.403480642.
Kwag
, B. C.
, and Krarti
, M.
, 2018
, “Development of Design Guidelines for Thermo-Active Foundations
,” Indoor Built Environ. J.
, 27
(6
), pp. 805
–817
. 10.1177/1420326X1769001843.
Yavuzturk
, C.
, and Spitler
, J. D.
, 1999
, “A Short Time Step Response Factor Model for Vertical Ground Loop Heat Exchangers
,” ASHRAE Trans.
, 105
(2
), pp. 465
–474
.44.
Yavuzturk
, C.
, Spitler
, J. D.
, and Rees
, S. J.
, 1999
, “A Transient Two-Dimensional Finite Volume Model for the Simulation of Vertical U-Tube Ground Heat Exchangers
,” ASHRAE Trans.
, 105
(2
), pp. 475
–485
.45.
Krarti
, M.
, 1999
, “Ground-Coupled Heat Transfer,” Advances in Solar Energy
, D.
Yogi Goswami
, ed., ASES Publication
, Boulder, CO
, p. 90
.46.
Krarti
, M.
, Nicoulin
, V.
, Claridge
, D.
, and Kreider
, J.
, 1995
, “Comparison of Energy Predictions of Three Ground-Coupling Heat Transfer Calculation Methods
,” ASHRAE Transactions
, 101
, pt. 1, pp. 158
–172
.47.
Krarti
, M.
, Claridge
, D. E.
, and Kreider
, J.
, 1988
, “ITPE Method Applications to Time-Varying Two-Dimensional Ground-Coupling Problems
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
, 31
(9
), pp. 1899
–1911
. 10.1016/0017-9310(88)90203-748.
Rouissi
, K.
, Krarti
, M.
, and McCartney
, J. S.
, 2011
, “Analysis of Thermo-Active Foundation Using U-Tube Heat Exchangers
,” ASME Solar Energy Eng. J.
, 134
(2
), pp. 154
–161
. 10.1115/es2011-5452449.
Murphy
, K. D.
, and McCartney
, J. S.
, 2015
, “Seasonal Response of Energy Foundations During Building Operation
,” Geotech. Geol. Eng.
, 33
(2
), pp. 343
–356
. 10.1007/s10706-014-9802-350.
Abdelaziz
, S. L.
, Olgun
, C. G.
, and Martin
, J. R.
, 2015
, “Equivalent Energy Wave for Long-Term Analysis of Ground Coupled Heat Exchangers
,” Geothermics
, 53
, pp. 67
–84
. 10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.04.00651.
ASHRAE
, 2017
, Handbook of Fundamentals
, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
, Atlanta, GA
.Copyright © 2020 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
