... movements, thermal strains, and internal fluid pressure. Exceeding the critical deformation limit of these pipes initiates wrinkles, and further increase may result in fracture, thus jeopardizing the safe operation of a field pipeline. A recent field fracture and failed laboratory specimens under monotonic...

...Navid Nazemi; Sreekanta Das Buried pipelines may be subjected to various complicated combinations of forces and deformations. This may result in localized curvature, strains, and associated deformations in the pipe wall. As a result, wrinkle may form. The wrinkled pipeline may then develop...