Abstract
This study evaluated a multi-catenary spread mooring system design of a mobile ocean test berth for wave energy converters (WECs), the Ocean Sentinel (OS) instrumentation buoy, through dynamic simulation, numerical analysis, and comparison with measured field motion data of the OS off the OR coast. First, the accuracy of the numerical employed model based on a fully-coupled method of the OS and its mooring lines was validated by comparing predicted mooring tensions to the field measurements. Then, the anchor movability, fatigue damage, and extreme mooring tension of the OS mooring system were analyzed to assess survivability. Field test results show that the numerical model provided accurate predictions of mooring tensions even under environmental conditions of strong wind, current, and waves. Factors affecting the accuracy are discussed. One mooring anchor was shown to have moved significantly during the ocean field test. Mooring fatigue damage was calculated for different levels of sea states. Design strengths of the mooring lines were calculated and analyzed.
References
1.
Polinder
, H.
, and Scuotto
, M.
, 2005
, “Wave Energy Converters and Their Impact on Power Systems
,” Proceedings of 2005 International Conference on Future Power Systems
, IEEE
, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
, Nov. 18
, pp. 1
–9
.2.
Ormberg
, H.
, and Larsen
, K.
, 1998
, “Coupled Analysis of Floater Motion and Mooring Dynamics for a Turret-Moored Ship
,” Appl. Ocean Res.
, 20
(1–2
), pp. 55
–67
. 3.
Ormberg
, H.
, Fylling
, I.
, Larsen
, K.
, and Sodahl
, N.
, 1997
, “Coupled Analysis of Vessel Motions and Mooring and Riser System Dynamics
,” Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Ocean Offshore and Arctic Engineering
, Yokohama, Japan
, Apr. 13–17
, ASME
, pp. 91
–100
.4.
Chen
, X. H.
, Zhang
, J.
, and Ma
, W.
, 2001
, “On Dynamic Coupling Effects Between a Spar and Its Mooring Lines
,” Ocean Eng.
, 28
(7
), pp. 863
–887
. 5.
Colby
, C.
, Sodahl
, N.
, Katla
, E.
, and Okkenhaug
, S.
, 2000
, “Coupling Effects for a Deepwater Spar
,” Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference
, OnePetro
, Houston, TX
, Paper No. OTC 12083, pp. 1
–7
.6.
Sethuraman
, L.
, and Venugopal
, V.
, 2013
, “Hydrodynamic Response of a Stepped-Spar Floating Wind Turbine: Numerical Modelling and Tank Testing
,” Renew. Energy
, 52
, pp. 160
–174
. 7.
Tahar
, A.
, and Kim
, M. H.
, 2008
, “Coupled-Dynamic Analysis of Floating Structures With Polyester Mooring Lines
,” Ocean Eng.
, 35
(17–18
), pp. 1676
–1685
. 8.
Correa
, F. N.
, Senra
, S. F.
, Jacob
, B. P.
, Masetti
, I. Q.
, and Mourelle
, M. M.
, 2002
, “Towards the Integration of Analysis and Design of Mooring Systems and Risers: Part II—Studies on a DICAS System
,” Proceedings of 21st International Conference on Ocean Offshore and Arctic Engineering
, ASME
, Oslo, Norway
, Paper No. OMAE2002-28151, pp. 291
–298
.9.
Garrett
, D. L.
, Chappell
, J. F.
, and Gordon
, R. B.
, 2002
, “Global Performance of Floating Production Systems
,” Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference
, OnePetro
, Houston, TX
, Paper No. OTC 14230, pp. 1
–10
.10.
Garrett
, D. L.
, 2005
, “Coupled Analysis of Floating Production Systems
,” Ocean Eng.
, 32
(7
), pp. 802
–816
. 11.
Heurtier
, J. M.
, Le Buhan
, P.
, Fontaine
, E.
, Le Cunff
, C.
, Biolley
, F.
, and Berhault
, C.
, 2001
, “Coupled Dynamic Response of Moored FPSO With Risers
,” Proceedings of 11th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference
, OnePetro
, Stavanger, Norway
, Paper No. ISOPE-I-01-050, pp. 319
–326
.12.
Ma
, W.
, Lee
, M. Y.
, Zou
, J.
, and Huang
, E. W.
, 2000
, “Deepwater Nonlinear Coupled Analysis Tool
,” Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference
, OnePetro
, Houston, TX
, Paper No. OTC 12085, pp. 1
–11
.13.
Ran
, Z.
, 2000
, “Coupled Dynamic Analysis of Floating Structures in Waves and Current
,” Ph.D. thesis
, Texas A&M University
, College Station, TX
.14.
American Petroleum Institution
, 2007
, “Interim Guidance on Hurricane Conditions in the Gulf of Mexico
,” Technical Report No. API BULLETIN 2INT-MET
, American Petroleum Institution
, Washington, DC
.15.
Weller
, S.
, Hardwick
, J.
, Johanning
, L.
, Karimirad
, M.
, Teillant
, B.
, Raventos
, A.
, Banfield
, S.
, et al, 2014
, “A Comprehensive Assessment of the Applicability of Available and Proposed Offshore Mooring and Foundation Technologies and Design Tools for Array Applications
,” Technical Report
, DTOcean
, Exeter, UK
.16.
Johanning
, L.
, Smith
, G. H.
, and Wolfram
, J.
, 2007
, “Measurements of Static and Dynamic Mooring Line Damping and Their Importance for Floating WEC Devices
,” Ocean Eng.
, 34
(14–15
), pp. 1918
–1934
. 17.
Harnois
, V.
, Weller
, S. D.
, Johanning
, L.
, Thies
, P. R.
, Le Boulluec
, M.
, Le Roux
, D.
, Soule
, V.
, and Ohana
, J.
, 2015
, “Numerical Model Validation for Mooring Systems: Method and Application for Wave Energy Converters
,” Renew. Energy
, 75
, pp. 869
–887
. 18.
Amon
, E.
, Brekken
, T. K. A.
, and von Jouanne
, A.
, 2011
, “A Power Analysis and Data Acquisition System for Ocean Wave Energy Device Testing
,” Renew. Energy
, 36
(7
), pp. 1922
–1930
. 19.
von Jouanne
, A.
, Lettenmaier
, T.
, Amon
, E.
, Brekken
, T.
, and Phillips
, R.
, 2013
, “A Novel Ocean Sentinel Instrumentation Buoy for Wave Energy Testing
,” Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
, 47
(1
), pp. 47
–54
. 20.
Lou
, J.
, 2017
, “Numerical Simulation, Laboratory and Field Experiments, Analysis and Design of Wave Energy Converter and Mooring System
,” Ph.D. thesis
, Oregon State University
, Corvallis, OR
.21.
Lou
, J.
, Yim
, S. C.
, and von Jouanne
, A.
, 2019
, “Field Test Study and Quasi-Static Analysis of Global Characteristics and Survivability of a Wave Energy Converter Test Platform Mooring System
,” J. Ocean Eng. Mar. Energy
, 5
(3
), pp. 283
–300
. 22.
Orcina
, 2009
, “OrcaFlex Manual Version 9.3
,” Technical Report
, Orcina Ltd.
, Ulverston, UK
.23.
Baker
, J. L.
, 2013
, “Mooring Analysis of the Ocean Sentinel Through Field Observation and Numerical Simulation
,” M.S. thesis
, Oregon State University
, Corvallis, OR
.24.
Heier
, S.
, 2014
, Grid Integration of Wind Energy: Onshore and Offshore Conversion Systems
, John Wiley & Sons
, Hoboken, NJ
, pp. 40
–45
.25.
Det Norske Veritas
, 2010
, “Environmental Conditions and Environmental Loads
,” Technical Report No. DNV-RP-C205
, Det Norske Veritas
, Oslo, Norway
.26.
Blendermann
, W.
, 1994
, “Parameter Identification of Wind Loads on Ships
,” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn.
, 51
(3
), pp. 339
–351
. 27.
Harnois
, V.
, Parish
, D.
, and Johanning
, L.
, 2012
, “Physical Measurement of a Slow Drag of a Drag Embedment Anchor During Sea Trials
,” Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Ocean Energy, Ocean Energy Systems
, Dublin, Ireland
, Oct. 17–19
, pp. 1
–6
.28.
Johanning
, L.
, and Smith
, G. H.
, 2008
, “Improved Measurement Technologies for Floating Wave Energy Converter (WEC) Mooring Arrangements
,” Underw. Technol.
, 27
(4
), pp. 175
–184
. 29.
Ringsberg
, J. W.
, Yang
, S. H.
, Lang
, X.
, Johnson
, E.
, and Kamf
, J.
, 2020
, “Mooring Forces in a Floating Point-Absorbing WEC System—A Comparison Between Full-Scale Measurements and Numerical Simulations
,” Sh. Offshore Struct.
, 15
(sup1
), pp. S70
–S81
. 30.
Tahar
, A.
, Halkyard
, J.
, and Irani
, M.
, 2006
, “Comparison of Time and Frequency Domain Analysis With Full Scale Data for the Horn Mountain Spar During Hurricane Isidore
,” Proceedings of 25th International Conference on Ocean Offshore and Arctic Engineering
, ASME
, Hamburg, Germany
, Paper No. OMAE2006-92137, pp. 105
–113
.31.
Liu
, M.
, Bennett
, A.
, Ruan
, F.
, Li
, X.
, Lou
, J.
, Mi
, J.
, and Zuo
, L.
, 2022
, “A Self-Reactive Ocean Wave Energy Converter With Winch-Based Power Take-Off: Design, Prototype, and Experimental Evaluation
,” Proceedings of International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference
, ASME
, St. Louis, MO
, Paper No. DETC2022-91303, p. V010T10A012
.32.
Kofoed
, J. P.
, Frigaard
, P.
, Friis-Madsen
, E.
, and Sørensen
, H. C.
, 2006
, “Prototype Testing of the Wave Energy Converter Wave Dragon
,” Renew. Energy
, 31
(2
), pp. 181
–189
. 33.
Elwood
, D.
, Yim
, S. C.
, Prudell
, J.
, Stillinger
, C.
, Von Jouanne
, A.
, Brekken
, T.
, Brown
, A.
, and Paasch
, R.
, 2010
, “Design, Construction, and Ocean Testing of a Taut-Moored Dual-Body Wave Energy Converter With a Linear Generator Power Take-Off
,” Renew. Energy
, 35
(2
), pp. 348
–354
. 34.
Liu
, Z.
, Qu
, N.
, Han
, Z.
, Zhang
, J.
, Zhang
, S.
, Li
, M.
, and Shi
, H.
, 2016
, “Study on Energy Conversion and Storage System for a Prototype Buoys-Array Wave Energy Converter
,” Energy Sustain. Dev.
, 34
, pp. 100
–110
. 35.
Sound and Sea Technology
, 2009
, “Advanced Anchoring and Mooring Study
,” Technical Report
, Oregon Wave Energy Trust
, Portland, OR
.36.
Palm
, J.
, 2017
, “Mooring Dynamics for Wave Energy Applications
,” Ph.D. thesis
, Chalmers University of Technology
, Gothenburg, Sweden
.37.
Taylor
, R. J.
, 1982
, “Interaction of Anchors With Soil and Anchor Design
,” Technical Report No. NCEL-TN-1627
, Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory
, Port Hueneme, CA
.38.
Det Norske Veritas
, 2013
, “Position Mooring
,” Technical Report No. DNV-OS-E301
, Det Norske Veritas
, Oslo, Norway
.39.
American Bureau of Shipping
, 2013
, “Design Guideline for Stationkeeping Systems of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
,” Technical Report
, American Bureau of Shipping
, Houston, TX
.40.
Brodtkorb
, P. A.
, Johannesson
, P.
, Lindgren
, G.
, Rychlik
, I.
, Rydén
, J.
, and Sjö
, E.
, 2000
, “WAFO-A Matlab Toolbox for Analysis of Random Waves and Loads
,” Proceedings of 10th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference
, OnePetro
, Seattle, WA
, Paper No. ISOPE-I-00-264, pp. 1
–8
.41.
Thies
, P. R.
, Johanning
, L.
, Harnois
, V.
, Smith
, H. C.
, and Parish
, D. N.
, 2014
, “Mooring Line Fatigue Damage Evaluation for Floating Marine Energy Converters: Field Measurements and Prediction
,” Renew. Energy
, 63
, pp. 133
–144
. 42.
American Petroleum Institution
, 1996
, “Design and Analysis of Stationkeeping Systems for Floating Structures
,” Technical Report No. API-RP-2SK
(2nd ed.), American Petroleum Institution
, Washington, DC
.43.
Bureau Veritas
, 2015
, “Classification of Mooring Systems for Permanent and Mobile Offshore Units
,” Technical Report No. NR 493 DT R03 E
, Bureau Veritas
, Neuilly sur Seine, France
.44.
Coles
, S.
, 2001
, An Introduction to Statistical Modeling of Extreme Values
, Springer
, London, UK
, pp. 47
–49
.45.
Dallman
, A. R.
, and Neary
, V. S.
, 2014
, “Characterization of U.S. Wave Energy Converter (WEC) Test Sites: A Catalogue of Met-Ocean Data
,” Technical Report No. SAND2014-18206
, Sandia National Laboratories
, Albuquerque, NM
.46.
Serafin
, K. A.
, and Ruggiero
, P.
, 2014
, “Simulating Extreme Total Water Levels Using a Time-Dependent, Extreme Value Approach
,” J. Geophys. Res. Oceans
, 119
(9
), pp. 6305
–6329
. 47.
Oregon State University
, 2004
, “NH10 Buoy Current Data 1997-2004
,” College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences (CEOAS), Oregon State University, http://bragg.ceoas.oregonstate.edu/Copyright © 2023 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
