... compared to the base metal (BM). The strain-hardening profiles of the welds exhibited a dual-slope characteristic, an indication of different levels of plastic deformation experienced by the constituent phases (i.e., martensite, bainite and ferrite) present in the microstructure. The maximum strength...

... of magnetic properties. Reducing clearance to micro-level still can considerably achieve a good effect in limiting burr generation. Microhardness profile indicates a higher punching speed produced a wider shear-affected zone with a higher strain-hardening. Load-displacements from nano-indentation...