Thermomagnetic convection of a ferrofluid flow induced by the internal magnetic field around a vertical current-carrying wire was theoretically analyzed and experimentally validated for the first time. The Nusselt number for a heated 50-μm diameter wire in a ferrofluid was measured for different electrical currents and fluid temperatures. The experimental results are in a good agreement with the proposed scaling analysis. We found that increasing the current will increase the Nusselt number nonlinearly and ultimately enhances the heat transfer capability of the induced ferrofluid flow. We observed that the thermomagnetic convection becomes dominant, if large enough currents are applied.
Issue Section:
Technical Brief
References
1.
Prasher
, R.
, Bhattacharya
, P.
, and Phelan
, P. E.
, 2005
, “Thermal Conductivity of Nanoscale Colloidal Solutions (Nanofluids)
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
, 94
(2
), p. 025901
.2.
Vatani
, A.
, Woodfield
, P. L.
, and Dao
, D. V.
, 2015
, “A Survey of Practical Equations for Prediction of Effective Thermal Conductivity of Spherical-Particle Nanofluids
,” J. Mol. Liq.
, 211
, pp. 712
–733
.3.
Raj
, K.
, and Moskowitz
, R.
, 1990
, “Commercial Applications of Ferrofluids
,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
, 85
(1
), pp. 233
–245
.4.
Shima
, P.
, and Philip
, J.
, 2011
, “Tuning of Thermal Conductivity and Rheology of Nanofluids Using an External Stimulus
,” J. Phys. Chem. C
, 115
(41
), pp. 20097
–20104
.5.
Altan
, C. L.
, Elkatmis
, A.
, Yüksel
, M.
, Aslan
, N.
, and Bucak
, S.
, 2011
, “Enhancement of Thermal Conductivity Upon Application of Magnetic Field to Fe3O4 Nanofluids
,” J. Appl. Phys.
, 110
(9
), p. 093917
.6.
Lajvardi
, M.
, Moghimi-Rad
, J.
, Hadi
, I.
, Gavili
, A.
, Isfahani
, T. D.
, Zabihi
, F.
, and Sabbaghzadeh
, J.
, 2010
, “Experimental Investigation for Enhanced Ferrofluid Heat Transfer Under Magnetic Field Effect
,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
, 322
(21
), pp. 3508
–3513
.7.
Philip
, J.
, Shima
, P.
, and Raj
, B.
, 2007
, “Enhancement of Thermal Conductivity in Magnetite Based Nanofluid Due to Chainlike Structures
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
, 91
(20
), p. 203108
.8.
Korolev
, V.
, Arefyev
, I.
, and Blinov
, A.
, 2008
, “Heat Capacity of Superfine Oxides of Iron Under Applied Magnetic Fields
,” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim.
, 92
(3
), pp. 697
–700
.9.
Azizian
, R.
, Doroodchi
, E.
, McKrell
, T.
, Buongiorno
, J.
, Hu
, L.
, and Moghtaderi
, B.
, 2014
, “Effect of Magnetic Field on Laminar Convective Heat Transfer of Magnetite Nanofluids
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
, 68
, pp. 94
–109
.10.
Ghofrani
, A.
, Dibaei
, M.
, Sima
, A. H.
, and Shafii
, M.
, 2013
, “Experimental Investigation on Laminar Forced Convection Heat Transfer of Ferrofluids Under an Alternating Magnetic Field
,” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci.
, 49
, pp. 193
–200
.11.
Selimefendigil
, F.
, and Öztop
, H. F.
, 2014
, “Effect of a Rotating Cylinder in Forced Convection of Ferrofluid Over a Backward Facing Step
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
, 71
, pp. 142
–148
.12.
Goharkhah
, M.
, and Ashjaee
, M.
, 2014
, “Effect of an Alternating Nonuniform Magnetic Field on Ferrofluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Channel
,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
, 362
, pp. 80
–89
.13.
Aminfar
, H.
, Mohammadpourfard
, M.
, and Zonouzi
, S. A.
, 2013
, “Numerical Study of the Ferrofluid Flow and Heat Transfer Through a Rectangular Duct in the Presence of a Non-Uniform Transverse Magnetic Field
,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
, 327
, pp. 31
–42
.14.
Ghasemian
, M.
, Ashrafi
, Z. N.
, Goharkhah
, M.
, and Ashjaee
, M.
, 2015
, “Heat Transfer Characteristics of Fe3O4 Ferrofluid Flowing in a Mini Channel Under Constant and Alternating Magnetic Fields
,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
, 381
, pp. 158
–167
.15.
Mukhopadhyay
, A.
, Ganguly
, R.
, Sen
, S.
, and Puri
, I. K.
, 2005
, “A Scaling Analysis to Characterize Thermomagnetic Convection
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
, 48
(17
), pp. 3485
–3492
.16.
Rahman
, H.
, and Suslov
, S. A.
, 2015
, “Thermomagnetic Convection in a Layer of Ferrofluid Placed in a Uniform Oblique External Magnetic Field
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 764
, pp. 316
–348
.17.
Finlayson
, B.
, 1970
, “Convective Instability of Ferromagnetic Fluids
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 40
(4
), pp. 753
–767
.18.
Bergman
, T. L.
, Incropera
, F. P.
, DeWitt
, D. P.
, and Lavine
, A. S.
, 2011
, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
, Wiley
, New York
.19.
Le Fevre
, E.
, and Ede
, A.
, 1956
, “Laminar Free Convection From the Outer Surface of a Vertical Circular Cylinder
,” Nineth International Congress Applied Mechanics
, Brussels, Belgium, Sept. 5–13, pp. 175
–183
.20.
Vatani
, A.
, Woodfield
, P. L.
, and Dao
, D. V.
, 2015
, “A Miniaturized Transient Hot-Wire Device for Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Non-Conductive Fluids
,” Microsyst. Technol.
, 22
(10), pp. 2463
–2466
.21.
Corcione
, M.
, 2011
, “Empirical Correlating Equations for Predicting the Effective Thermal Conductivity and Dynamic Viscosity of Nanofluids
,” Energy Convers. Manage.
, 52
(1
), pp. 789
–793
.22.
Healy
, J.
, De Groot
, J.
, and Kestin
, J.
, 1976
, “The Theory of the Transient Hot-Wire Method for Measuring Thermal Conductivity
,” Physica B + C
, 82
(2
), pp. 392
–408
.23.
Nagasaka
, Y.
, and Nagashima
, A.
, 1981
, “Absolute Measurement of the Thermal Conductivity of Electrically Conducting Liquids by the Transient Hot-Wire Method
,” J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum.
, 14
(12
), pp. 1435
–1440
.24.
Rusconi
, R.
, Williams
, W. C.
, Buongiorno
, J.
, Piazza
, R.
, and Hu
, L.-W.
, 2007
, “Numerical Analysis of Convective Instabilities in a Transient Short-Hot-Wire Setup for Measurement of Liquid Thermal Conductivity
,” Int. J. Thermophys.
, 28
(4
), pp. 1131
–1146
.25.
Ro
, S. T.
, Lee
, J. H.
, and Yoo
, J. Y.
, 1990
, “Onset of Natural Convection Effect in Transient Hot-Wire System
,” Thermal Conductivity 21
, C. J.
Cremers
and H. A.
Fine
, ed., Plenum Press
, Berlin, pp. 151
–163
.26.
Woodfield
, P. L.
, Fukai
, J.
, Fujii
, M.
, Takata
, Y.
, and Shinzato
, K.
, 2008
, “Numerical Simulation of Natural Convection in a Transient Short-Hot-Wire Thermal Conductivity Cell
,” Netsu Bussei
, 22
(4
), pp. 217
–222
.27.
Zhang
, X.
, Fujiwara
, S.
, Qi
, Z.
, and Fujii
, M.
, 1999
, “Natural Convection Effect on Transient Short-Hot-Wire Method
,” JASMA: J. Jpn. Soc. Microgravity Appl.
, 16
(2
), pp. 129
–135
.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
