... 2020 spark-ignition engine biogas compression ratio variation operational limits pre-ignition cycle-to-cycle variations A continuous increase in the utilization of internal-combustion engines for both transportation and stationary applications has raised energy security...

... effective pressure (IMEP)) and high (limited by pre-ignition) operating loads were decreased; however, it was found that the overall operating range was increased. Results also showed that for a given operating load, with the increase of CO 2 percentage in the fuel, the brake thermal efficiency...