A detailed computational investigation into the periodic two-dimensional performance of a NACA 0012 section fitted with 2 and 4 percent h/c Gurney flaps operating at a Reynolds number of 0.85×106 is presented. The aim of the work was to determine the suitability of the incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) formulation in modeling the vortex shedding experienced by lifting sections with blunt, sharp edged features. In particular, whether under-converged steady state calculations could be used for section design performance evaluation in place of the computationally intensive time accurate flow simulations. Steady, periodic, and time-averaged two-dimensional lift and drag coefficients, as well as vortex shedding frequency, were predicted and compared with the available experimental data. Reasonable agreement was found, once sufficiently fine grids had been generated, and the correct time step determined for the time accurate simulations.

Issue Section:
Technical Papers
Keywords:
aerodynamics, flow simulation, Navier-Stokes equations, performance evaluation, vortices, turbulence, drag
Topics:
Computation, Drag (Fluid dynamics), Flow (Dynamics), Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, Simulation, Turbulence, Wakes, Vortex shedding, Pressure, Steady state, Flow simulation, Performance evaluation
1.
Bingham
,
V. P.
, and
Mackey
,
T. P.
,
1987
, “
High-Performance Rudders—with Particular Reference to the Schilling Rudder
,”
Marine Technology
,
24
, No. 4, Oct., pp.
312
–
320
.
2.
Liebeck
,
R. H.
,
1978
, “
Design of Subsonic Airfoils for High Lift
,”
J. Aircr.
,
15
, No. 9, Sept., pp.
547
–
561
.
3.
Neuhart, D. H., and Pendergraft, O. C., 1988, “A Water Tunnel Study of Gurney Flaps,” NASA TM 4071, Nov.
4.
Jeffrey, D. R. M., 1998, “An Investigation into the Aerodynamics of Gurney Flaps,” Ph.D. thesis, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K., Mar.
5.
Jeffrey
,
D. R. M.
,
Zhang
,
X.
, and
Hurst
,
D. W.
,
2000
, “
Aerodynamics of Gurney flaps on a single-element high-lift wing
,”
J. Aircr.
,
37
(
2
), pp.
295
–
302
.
6.
Jeffrey
,
D. R. M.
,
Zhang
,
X.
, and
Hurst
,
D. W.
,
2001
, “
Some Aspects of the Aerodynamics of Gurney Flaps on a Double-Element Wing
,”
ASME J. Fluids Eng.
,
123,
, Mar., pp.
99
–
104
.
7.
Fripp, A. G., and Hopkins, W. B., 1991, “Experimental Investigation and Computer Modelling of Flow around Aerofoils with Gurney Flaps,” Ph.D. Final Year B.Eng. Project, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K., Mar.
8.
Ashby, D., 1996, “Experimental and Computational Investigation of Lift-Enhancing Tabs on Multi-Element Airfoil,” NASA-CR-201482, June.
9.
Jang, C. S., and Ross, J. C., and Cummings, R. M., 1992, “Computational Evaluation of an Airfoil with a Gurney Flap,” Proceedings, 10th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, Palo Alto, C.A., June., pp. 801–809.
10.
Ross
,
J. C.
,
Storms
,
B. L.
, and
Carrannanto
,
P. G.
,
1995
, “
Lift-Enhancing Tabs on Multi-Element Airfoils
,”
J. Aircr.
,
32
, No. 3, May–June., pp.
649
–
655
.
11.
Wilcox, D. C., 1998, “Turbulence Modelling for CFD,” D.C.W. Industries, Edition 2.
12.
Rycroft
,
N. C.
,
1997
, “
Three-Dimensional Multi-block Grid Generation-Fleximesh
,” Ship Science Report, Department of Ship Science, Southampton University, Southampton, U.K., No.101., Nov.
13.
CFX-4.3, Flow Solver Guide, 1998, AEA Technology, Harwell Laboratory, Oxfordshire, U.K.
14.
Rhie
,
C. M.
, and
Chow
,
W. L.
,
1983
, “
Numerical Study of the Turbulent Flow Past an Airfoil with Trailing Edge Separation
,”
AIAA J.
,
21
, No.
11
, pp.
1525
–
1532
.
15.
Abbott, I. H., and Von Doenhoff, A. E., 1959, Theory of Wing Sections, Dover Publications Inc.
16.
Eiseman
,
P. R.
,
1979
, “
A Multi-Surface Method of Coordinate Generation
,”
J. Comput. Phys.
,
33
, pp.
118
–
150
.
17.
Stern, F., Wilson, R. V., Coleman, H. W., and Paterson, E. G., 1999, “Verification and Validation of CFD Simulations,” Proceedings of the 3rd ASME/JSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference, July 18–23, San Francisco, Ca.
18.
Shaw, C. T., 1992, Using Computational Fluid Dynamics, Prentice Hall, N.Y.
19.
Lasher
,
W. C.
, and
Taulbee
,
D. B.
,
1992
, “
On the Computation of Turbulent Backstep Flow
,”
Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow
,
13
, No. 1, Mar., pp.
30
–
40
.
Copyright © 2002
 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.