A vertical jet or fountain, whose velocity is opposite to the direction of its buoyant force, reverses direction after reaching a maximum penetration depth. This penetration depth is measured from the jet exit or, if present, the location of the undisturbed interface. This paper shows that the penetration depth is only a function of a Richardson number divided by a jet spreading factor. If no interface is present, the spreading factor is one; otherwise the spreading factor is only a function of distance between the jet exit and the interface. As long as the jet is fully turbulent, the penetration depth is independent of Reynolds and Weber numbers. These trends are applicable to a broad range of fluid systems including air jets impacting liquids as well as miscible and immiscible liquid-liquid systems with only slight density differences. [S0098-2202(00)00304-7]
Skip Nav Destination
Article navigation
December 2000
Technical Papers
Rise Height for Negatively Buoyant Fountains and Depth of Penetration for Negatively Buoyant Jets Impinging an Interface
P. D. Friedman,
P. D. Friedman
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402
Search for other works by this author on:
J. Katz
J. Katz
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
Search for other works by this author on:
P. D. Friedman
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402
J. Katz
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
Contributed by the Fluids Engineering Division for publication in the JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING. Manuscript received by the Fluids Engineering Division January 11, 2000; revised manuscript received June 22, 2000. Associate Technical Editor: D. P. Telionis.
J. Fluids Eng. Dec 2000, 122(4): 779-782 (4 pages)
Published Online: June 22, 2000
Article history
Received:
January 11, 2000
Revised:
June 22, 2000
Citation
Friedman, P. D., and Katz, J. (June 22, 2000). "Rise Height for Negatively Buoyant Fountains and Depth of Penetration for Negatively Buoyant Jets Impinging an Interface ." ASME. J. Fluids Eng. December 2000; 122(4): 779–782. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1311786
Download citation file:
Get Email Alerts
Related Articles
Entrainment Characteristics of Transient Turbulent Round, Radial and Wall-Impinging Jets: Theoretical Deductions
J. Fluids Eng (July,2003)
Self-Preserving Properties of Unsteady Round Nonbuoyant Turbulent
Starting Jets and Puffs in Still Fluids
J. Heat Transfer (June,2002)
Momentum Flux in Plane, Parallel Jets
J. Fluids Eng (July,2004)
Interfacial Instability
Appl. Mech. Rev (March,2003)
Related Chapters
A Computational Assessment of Gas Jets in a Bubbly Co-Flow
Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Cavitation (CAV2018)
Extended Surfaces
Thermal Management of Microelectronic Equipment
Extended Surfaces
Thermal Management of Microelectronic Equipment, Second Edition