... of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to estimate the pressure drops, wall shear stress and friction factors for five different profiles is shown Appendix. The paper is organized as follows. First, some theoretical background of the work is discussed. This is followed by details of the geometry...

... to “concave.” Liquid-to-wall shear stress tends to decrease circumferentially. A computational procedure for predicting main flow characteristics, which takes into account the above results in its design relations, is first assessed with detailed experimental data and is then combined with a CFD code, aiming...