... 03 2011 23 06 2011 27 09 2011 27 09 2011 biofuel catalysts electrochemical electrodes organic compounds scanning electron microscopy solid oxide fuel cells X-ray chemical analysis X-ray spectroscopy bio-ethanol fuel utilization metal based electrodes efficiency...

... density performance in fuel cell studies. catalysts crystal microstructure electrochemical electrodes electrolytes heat treatment hydrophobicity mass transfer proton exchange membrane fuel cells scanning electron microscopy thin films phosphoric acid polybenzimidazole pbi fuel cell...

... agglomeration/isolation/sintering life testing proton exchange membrane fuel cells scanning electron microscopy transmission electron microscopy X-ray diffraction 04 09 2009 07 01 2011 16 06 2011 16 06 2011 2011 American Society of Mechanical Engineers ...

... scanning electron microscopy solid oxide fuel cells thermal stability X-ray diffraction yttrium compounds two phase oxides carbonates nanocomposite electrical conductivity Interest in renewable energy resources is growing continually due to global energy demands. To meet the demands...

... was prepared by coprecipitation method. Ni based electrode was used to fabricate the cell by dry pressing technique. The crystal structure and surface morphology were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM...

... into a single cubic phase. Because no significant densification of the Co-doped ScSZ samples was observed before and after the phase change and Co diffusion, it suggests that these reaction sintering processes should not be strongly related to densification. From the results of scanning electron microscopy, Co...

... ). This new composite membrane showed higher water uptake (12.7%) than that of normal hydrophobic ePTFE based composite membrane (6.3%) and better proton conductivity. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed that the hydrophilic ePTFE based membrane can easily form a dense composite membrane while...

... scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was conducted to provide visual documentation of leaking failure sites. The analysis of the experimental leaking data indicates that the MEA has much shorter lifetimes at the same nominal stress levels than membrane samples without the electrode layers. FESEM...

... performance for methanol oxidation at 80 ° C . The effect of temperature and time for thermal decomposition was optimized with respect to methanol oxidation, and the catalysts were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction studies, and X-ray...

... and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the cathodes before and after in-cell tests. The cathodic performance was tested in two 3 cm 2 area cells assembled with the following electrolyte compositions: Li / K = 62 / 38 mol % and Li / Na = 52 / 48 mol % in order to investigate the cathode...

... been carried out using X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. Pt-supported MWNTs (Pt/MWNTs) have been...

... and 0.6 mg Pt cm − 2 on the anode and cathode, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was used to investigate the electrodes’ morphology. The performance of the MEAs was measured by polarization curves. It was observed that the sieve printing technique is highly reproducible and significantly...

.... DKKK powders have been manufactured using a wet coprecipitation chemical route, and Praxair powders have been produced by spray pyrolysis. The morphology of the powders, as studied by scanning electron microscopy, has been very different. DKKK powders were presented as soft ( ∼ 100 μ m ) spherical...

... on each alloy were identified using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Thin surface scales were formed that included Cr-, Fe-, Al-, and Si-oxides as well as Mn–Cr spinel. The surface composition estimated from the analytical data is used...

.... solid oxide fuel cell colloidal crystal templating method three-dimensionally ordered macroporous anode anodes electrochemical electrodes electrokinetic effects electrolytes nickel scanning electron microscopy solid oxide fuel cells yttrium compounds zirconium compounds 10 09...

... and a film of controlled porosity was generated. The morphology of the GDL porous structure was then analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. GDL porosity characterization was done by both Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and mercury-intrusion porosimeter. The effects of PS concentration and extraction time...

... by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy line-scan analysis for exposure at high temperature. The variation with time of the area-specific resistance at 800°C has been recorded up to 1000 h . The evaporation rate of Cr-containing species has been also evaluated by a qualitative...

... ) confirms a cubic structure with unit cell parameter of 8.424 Å . Scanning electron microscopy images reveal a dense electrolyte structure. Thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) was also conducted on the material to determine possible endothermic and exothermic peaks and phase transformations. Raman spectroscopy data...

... containing varying weight percentages (1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt. % ) of alkali hydroxides (NaOH, KOH, and LiOH) were evaluated at 25 ° C . The precipitates formed in supersaturated solutions were characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Results: All Na B O 2 physicochemical...

... of support PEM tube were characterized intensively by scanning electron microscopy observation. In addition, the conductivity and impermeability were measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the bubble method, respectively. Results show that the conductivity of the PEM can reach as low...