Fig. 1 Three-point bending test: experimental setup (left). Numbered elements show the (1) impactor, (2) the fixed support, (3) the sliding support, (4) notch and groove (zoom on right figure), and (5) sensor. More about this image found in Three-point bending test: experimental setup (left). Numbered elements show...

Fig. 2 Calibration curves for computed tomography images (HA corresponds to the hydroxyapatite density, i.e., the mineral density) More about this image found in Calibration curves for computed tomography images (HA corresponds to the hy...

Fig. 3 Examples of solid volume fraction curves (GS1 group samples): the red line represents 50% of solid volume fraction. Above the line, the voxel contains more than 50% of material. More about this image found in Examples of solid volume fraction curves (GS1 group samples): the red line ...

Fig. 4 Steps to create the basic geometric elements of the sample: (sample 4320G) (From top left to bottom right: (1) contour lines reconstruction, (2) stress application area, (3) reconstructed model with notch, load application area and zone of concentrated stresses, and (4) zoom on the zone of ... More about this image found in Steps to create the basic geometric elements of the sample: (sample 4320G) ...

Fig. 5 Boundary conditions on a sample's model 4320G: (1) nodes on middle line of fixed support: fixed displacement in Z - and X -axis; (2) nodes on middle line of sliding support: fixed displacement in Z axis; (3) front external node of each support: fixed displacement in Y -axis; (4) impact... More about this image found in Boundary conditions on a sample's model 4320G: (1) nodes on middle line of ...

Fig. 6 Microscopic slices and associated SOI (yellow rectangular surfaces on right figure) for each tested samples More about this image found in Microscopic slices and associated SOI (yellow rectangular surfaces on right...

Fig. 7 Load versus NOD curves for three-point bending test (top: GS1, bottom: GS2) More about this image found in Load versus NOD curves for three-point bending test (top: GS1, bottom: GS2)...

Fig. 8 Relative loss of volume for each model creation step: (0) thresholding (STL file), (1) surface smoothing, (2) median smoothing, and (3) rhinoceros reconstruction (top: GS1, bottom: GS2) More about this image found in Relative loss of volume for each model creation step: (0) thresholding (STL...

Fig. 9 Time speed up for simulations performed on the 6121G specimen (system with 525,144 equations) More about this image found in Time speed up for simulations performed on the 6121G specimen (system with ...

Fig. 10 Boxplot coupling medial-lateral and posterior–anterior quadrants for each variable More about this image found in Boxplot coupling medial-lateral and posterior–anterior quadrants for each v...

Fig. 10 Boxplot coupling medial-lateral and posterior–anterior quadrants for each variable More about this image found in Boxplot coupling medial-lateral and posterior–anterior quadrants for each v...

Fig. 11 PCA—individuals graphs, representing the 36 SOI for each bone More about this image found in PCA—individuals graphs, representing the 36 SOI for each bone

Fig. 12 Young's modulus as function of the porosity (Ref. [ 28 ]: human cortical cranial bone, compression/Ref. [ 27 ]: human cortical bone, tension/Ref. [ 39 ]: various species cortical bone, bending/Ref. [ 30 ]: bovine cortical bone, tension/Ref. [ 40 ]: equine cancellous bone, compression) More about this image found in Young's modulus as function of the porosity (Ref. [ 28 ]: human cortical cr...

Fig. 1 Representation of the two-dimensional (2D) model for MWC propulsion synthesis θ hip , θ shoulder , θ elbow and θ wheel are, respectively, the angular position of the hip, the shoulder, the elbow, and the wheel; F x and F y corr... More about this image found in Representation of the two-dimensional (2D) model for MWC propulsion synthes...

Fig. 2 Predicted joint angles (left) and angular speed (right) during startup for simulations with (dotted line) and without (solid line) stability constraint. Vertical black line corresponds to the release of the handrim. More about this image found in Predicted joint angles (left) and angular speed (right) during startup for ...

Fig. 3 Predicted joint angles (left) and angular speed (right) during steady-state propulsion for simulations with (dotted line) and without (solid line) stability constraint. Vertical black lines correspond to the release of the handrim. More about this image found in Predicted joint angles (left) and angular speed (right) during steady-state...

Fig. 4 Predicted joint torques (flexion <0, extension > 0) for startup (left) and steady-state (right) propulsion for simulation with (dotted line) and without (solid line) stability constraint. Vertical black lines correspond to the release of the handrim. More about this image found in Predicted joint torques (flexion <0, extension > 0) for startup (left...