In children, aortic lipid deposition develops in triangular regions of the wall downstream of branch points, whilst in adults these regions are particularly free of disease. Comparable age-related patterns occur in rabbit aortas. They may be explained by patterns of wall permeability to circulating macromolecules: along the longitudinal midline through branches, permeability is greater downstream than upstream in immature rabbits, but is greater upstream at later ages. Here we have mapped permeability in detail around such branches, not just along the midline. Short-term uptake of rhodamine-labeled albumin, measured using digital imaging fluorescence microscopy of serial sections, was greatest in an approximately triangular region downstream of immature branches, but in mature animals it was greater upstream, particularly away from the midline, and in streaks to the side of branches. Hence the maps are consistent with earlier permeability data and closely resemble the patterns of disease.

Issue Section:
Technical Papers
Keywords:
blood vessels, proteins, biotransport, permeability, optical microscopy, fluorescence, biological techniques, bio-optics
Topics:
Aorta, Diseases, Flow (Dynamics), Fluorescence, Imaging, Macromolecules, Permeability, Microscopy, Biotransport, Blood vessels, Optical microscopy, Optics, Proteins
1.
Rabinowitz, J. L., Myerson, R. M., and Wohl, G. T., 1960, “Deposition of 14C-labeled Cholesterol in the Atheromatous Aorta,” Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 105, pp. 241–243.
2.
Scott
,
P. J.
, and
Hurley
,
P. J.
,
1970
, “
The Distribution of Radio-Iodinated Serum Albumin and Low Density Lipoprotein in Tissues and the Arterial Wall
,”
Atherosclerosis
,
11
, pp.
417
–
438
.
3.
Anitschkow, N., 1933, “Experimental Atherosclerosis in Animals,” Arteriosclerosis, E. V. Cowdry, ed., Macmillan, New York, pp. 271–322.
4.
Cornhill
,
J. F.
, and
Roach
,
M. R.
,
1976
, “
A Quantitative Study of the Localization of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Rabbit Aorta
,”
Atherosclerosis
,
23
, pp.
489
–
501
.
5.
Daley
,
S. J.
,
Herderick
,
E. E.
,
Cornhill
,
J. F.
, and
Rogers
,
K. A.
,
1994
, “
Cholesterol-Fed and Casein-Fed Rabbit Models of Atherosclerosis. Part 1: Differing Lesion Area and Volume Despite Equal Plasma Cholesterol Levels
,”
Arterioscler. Thromb.
,
14
, pp.
95
–
104
.
6.
Ivey
,
J.
,
Roach
,
M. R.
, and
Kratky
,
R. G.
,
1995
, “
A New Probability Mapping Method to Describe the Development of Atherosclerotic Lesions in Cholesterol-Fed Rabits
,”
Atherosclerosis
,
115
, pp.
73
–
84
.
7.
Forster
,
B. A.
,
Javed
,
Q.
,
Leake
,
D. S.
, and
Weinberg
,
P. D.
,
1996
, “
High-Resolution Mapping of the Frequency of Lipid Deposits in Thoracic Aortae from Cholesterol-Fed and Heritable Hyperlipidaemic Rabbits
,”
Atherosclerosis
,
120
, pp.
249
–
253
.
8.
Weinberg
,
P. D.
,
1988
, “
Application of Fluorescence Densitometry to the Study of Albumin Uptake by the Rabbit Aortic Wall Up- and Downstream of Branches
,”
Atherosclerosis
,
74
, pp.
139
–
148
.
9.
Schwenke
,
D. C.
, and
Carew
,
T. E.
,
1988
, “
Quantification In Vivo of Increased LDL Content and Rate of LDL Degradation in Normal Rabbit Aorta Occurring at Sites Susceptible to Early Atherosclerotic Lesions
,”
Circ. Res.
,
62
, pp.
699
–
710
.
10.
Barakat
,
A. I.
,
Uhthoff
,
P. A. F.
, and
Colton
,
C. K.
,
1992
, “
Topographical Mapping of Sites of Enhanced HRP Permeability in the Normal Rabbit Aorta
,”
ASME J. Biomech. Eng.
,
114
, pp.
283
–
292
.
11.
Herrmann
,
R. A.
,
Malinauskas
,
R. A.
, and
Truskey
,
G. A.
,
1994
, “
Characterization of Sites with Elevated LDL Permeability at Intercostal, Celiac, and Iliac Branches of the Normal Rabbit Aorta
,”
Arterioscler. Thromb.
,
14
, pp.
313
–
323
.
12.
Barnes
,
S. E.
, and
Weinberg
,
P. D.
,
1998
, “
Contrasting Patterns of Spontaneous Aortic Disease in Young and Old Rabbits
,”
Arterioscler., Thromb., Vasc. Biol.
,
18
, pp.
300
–
308
.
13.
Barnes
,
S. E.
, and
Weinberg
,
P. D.
,
1999
, “
Two Patterns of Disease in the Cholesterol-Fed Rabbit
,”
Arterioscler., Thromb., Vasc. Biol.
,
19
, pp.
2376
–
2386
.
14.
Barnes
,
S. E.
, and
Weinberg
,
P. D.
,
2001
, “
Strain-Dependent Differences in the Pattern of Aortic Lipid Deposition in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits
,”
Exp. Mol. Pathol.
,
71
, pp.
161
–
170
.
15.
Sinzinger
,
H.
,
Silberbauer
,
K.
, and
Auerswald
,
W.
,
1980
, “
Quantitative Investigation of Sudanophilic Lesions around the Aortic Ostia of Human Fetuses, Newborn and Children
,”
Exp. Mol. Pathol.
,
17
, pp.
44
–
52
.
16.
Mitchell, J. R. A., and Schwartz, C. J., 1965, Arterial Disease, Blackwell, Oxford.
17.
Caro
,
C. G.
,
Fitz-Gerald
,
J. M.
, and
Schroter
,
R. M.
,
1971
, “
Atheroma and Arterial Wall Shear: Observation, Correlation and Proposal of a Shear Dependent Mass Transfer Mechanism for Atherogenesis
,”
Proc. R. Soc. London
,
177
, pp.
109
–
159
.
18.
Svindland
,
A.
, and
Walloe
,
L.
,
1985
, “
Distribution Pattern for Sudanophilic Plaques in the Descending Thoracic and Proximal Abdominal Aorta
,”
Atherosclerosis
,
57
, pp.
219
–
224
.
19.
Cornhill, J. F., Herderick, E. E., and Stary, H. C., 1990, “Topography of Human Aortic Sudanophilic Lesions,” Blood Flow in Large Arteries: Application to Atherogenesis and Clinical Medicine, D. W. Leipsch, ed., Karger, Basel, pp. 13–19.
20.
Sebkhi
,
A.
, and
Weinberg
,
P. D.
,
1994
, “
Age-Related Variations in Transport Properties of the Rabbit Arterial Wall Near Branches
,”
Atherosclerosis
,
106
, pp.
1
–
8
.
21.
Sebkhi
,
A.
, and
Weinberg
,
P. D.
,
1996
, “
Effect of Age on the Pattern of Short-Term Albumin Uptake by the Rabbit Aortic Wall near Intercostal Branch Ostia
,”
Arterioscler., Thromb., Vasc. Biol.
,
16
, pp.
317
–
327
.
22.
Staughton
,
T. J.
,
Lever
,
M. J.
, and
Weinberg
,
P. D.
,
2001
, “
Effect of Altered Flow on the Pattern of Permeability around Rabbit Aortic Branches
,”
Am. J. Physiol.
,
281
, pp.
H53–H59
H53–H59
.
23.
Weinberg
,
P. D.
,
Winlove
,
C. P.
, and
Parker
,
K. H.
,
1994
, “
Measurement of Absolute Tracer Concentrations in Tissue Sections by using Digital Imaging Fluorescence Microscopy: Application to the Study of Plasma Protein Uptake by the Arterial Wall
,”
J. Microsc.
,
173
, pp.
127
–
141
.
24.
Staughton
,
T. J.
,
McGillicuddy
,
C. J.
, and
Weinberg
,
P. D.
,
2001
, “
Techniques for Reducing the Interfering Effects of Autofluorescence in Fluorescence Microscopy: Improved Detection of Sulphorhodamine B-Labeled Albumin in Arterial Tissue
,”
J. Microsc.
,
201
, pp.
70
–
76
.
25.
Glauert, A. M., 1991, “Epoxy Resins: an Update on their Selection and Use,” Microscopy and Analysis, Sept, pp. 15–20.
26.
Yedgar
,
S.
,
Carew
,
T. E.
,
Pittman
,
R. C.
,
Beltz
,
W. F.
, and
Steinberg
,
D.
,
1983
, “
Tissue Sites of Catabolism of Albumin in Rabbits
,”
Am. J. Physiol.
,
244
, pp.
E101–E107
E101–E107
.
27.
Cotran
,
R. S.
, and
Karnovsky
,
J.
,
1967
, “
Vascular Leakage Induced by Horse radish Peroxidase in the Rat
,”
Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.
,
126
, pp.
557
–
561
.
28.
Nielsen
,
L. B.
,
1996
, “
Transfer of Low Density Lipoprotein into the Arterial Wall and Risk of Atherosclerosis
,”
Atherosclerosis
,
123
, pp.
1
–
15
.
29.
Berceli
,
S. A.
,
Warty
,
V. S.
,
Sheppeck
,
R. A.
,
Mandarino
,
W. A.
, and
Borovetz
,
H. S.
,
1990
, “
Haemodynamics and Low Density Lipoprotein Metabolism: Rates of Low Density Lipoprotein Incorporation and Degradation along Medial and Lateral Walls of the Rabbit Aorto-Iliac Bifurcation
,”
Arteriosclerosis (Dallas)
,
10
, pp.
688
–
694
.
30.
Forster
,
B. A.
, and
Weinberg
,
P. D.
,
1997
, “
Changes with Age in the Influence of Endogenous Nitric Oxide on Transport Properties of the Rabbit Aortic Wall near Branches
,”
Arterioscler., Thromb., Vasc. Biol.
,
17
, pp.
1361
–
1368
.
31.
Forster
,
B. A.
, and
Weinberg
,
P. D.
,
1997
, “
Evans’ Blue Dye Abolishes Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation of Rabbit Aortic Rings
,”
Atherosclerosis
,
129
, pp.
129
–
131
.
32.
Cheer
,
A. Y.
,
Dwyer
,
H. A.
,
Barakat
,
A. I.
,
Sy
,
E.
, and
Bice
,
M.
,
1998
, “
Computational Study of the Effect of Geometric and Flow Parameters on the Steady Flow Field at the Rabbit Aorto-Celiac Bifurcation
,”
Biorheology
,
35
, pp.
415
–
435
.
33.
Buchanan
,
J. R.
,
Kleinstreuer
,
C.
,
Truskey
,
G. A.
, and
Lei
,
M.
,
1999
, “
Relation between Non-Uniform Hemodynamics and Sites of Altered Permeability and Lesion Growth at the Rabbit Aorto-Celiac Junction
,”
Atherosclerosis
,
143
, pp.
27
–
40
.
34.
Staughton
,
T. J.
, and
Weinberg
,
P. D.
,
1999
, “
Effect of Rabbit Strain on Age-Related Changes in the Pattern of Arterial Wall Permeability
,”
Atherosclerosis
,
147
, p.
210
210
. Abstract
35.
Weinberg
,
P. D.
,
2002
, “
Disease Patterns at Arterial Branches and Their Relation to Flow
,”
Biorheology
,
39
, pp.
533
–
537
.
36.
Sloop
,
G. D.
,
Perret
,
R. S.
,
Brahney
,
J. S.
, and
Oalmann
,
M.
,
1998
, “
A Description of Two Morphologic Patterns of Aortic Fatty Streaks, and a Hypothesis of their Pathogenesis
,”
Atherosclerosis
,
141
, pp.
153
–
160
.
Copyright © 2002
 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.