Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Porosity, Bone Regeneration, and Vascularization Using an Adapted CAM Assay

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is used in a number of applications for bone restoration and implant fixation. Direct-write manufacturing methods enable the fabrication of HA scaffolds with precisely controlled macroporosity (>100μm) between scaffold struts, or rods, and microporosity (<20μm) within the rods [1]. The need for macroporosity for bone regeneration is well documented, though its specific influence on directing vascularization is not as well studied. Limited research has investigated the role of microporosity in bone regeneration or vascularization. This work aims to address these gaps.