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Journal of Solar Energy Engineering | Volume 139 | Issue 4 | research-article
Research Papers

Thermal Performance and Operation of a Solar Tubular Receiver With CO2 as the Heat Transfer Fluid

[+] Author and Article Information
Yen Chean Soo Too

CSIRO Energy,
PO Box 330,
Newcastle, New South Wales 2300, Australia
e-mail: yenchean@csiro.au

Maite Diago López, Hannah Cassard, Raul Navio

Abengoa Research,
Edificio Soland,
Ctra. A-472 Km.5'85,
Sanlúcar la Mayor, Sevilla 41800, Spain

Gregory Duffy, Regano Benito

CSIRO Energy,
PO Box 136,
North Ryde, New South Wales 2113, Australia

1Corresponding author.

Contributed by the Solar Energy Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING: INCLUDING WIND ENERGY AND BUILDING ENERGY CONSERVATION. Manuscript received November 15, 2016; final manuscript received February 15, 2017; published online May 11, 2017. Assoc. Editor: Marc Röger.

J. Sol. Energy Eng 139(4), 041004 (May 11, 2017) (9 pages) Paper No: SOL-16-1477; doi: 10.1115/1.4036414 History: Received November 15, 2016; Revised February 15, 2017
Article
References
Figures

A high-temperature, high-pressure solar receiver was designed as part of the advanced thermal energy storage project carried out in collaboration with Abengoa Solar NT at CSIRO Energy Centre in Newcastle, Australia, with support through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA). The cavity-type receiver with tubular absorbers was successfully installed and commissioned, using concentrated solar energy to raise the temperature of CO2 gas to 750 °C at 700 kPa in a pressurized, closed loop system. Stand-alone solar receiver tests were carried out to investigate the thermal characteristics of the 250 kWt solar receiver. The on-sun full-load test successfully achieved an outlet gas temperature of 750 °C while operating below the maximum allowable tube temperature limit (1050 °C) and with a maximum pressure drop of 22 kPa. The corresponding estimated receiver thermal efficiency values at full flow rate were 75% estimated based on measured receiver temperatures and heat losses calculations for both single aim-point and multiple aim-point heliostat control strategies. The use of a quartz glass window affixed to the receiver cavity aperture was tried as a means for improving the receiver efficiency by reducing convective heat losses from the receiver aperture. However, while it did appear to significantly reduce convective losses, a more effective metal support frame design is necessary to avoid damage to the window caused by stresses introduced as a result of distortion of the supports due to heating by the spillage of rays from the heliostat field.
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References

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Figures

Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 1

A photo of the CO2 solar receiver during operation

+A photo of the CO2 solar receiver during operation
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A photo of the CO2 solar receiver during operation
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 2

Solar absorber panels

+Solar absorber panels
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Solar absorber panels
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 3

(a) Front view of the solar receiver showing the radiation shields around the aperture and (b) a 3 mm thick quartz glass window held by a metal frame affixed to the aperture of the receiver cavity

+(a) Front view of the solar receiver showing the radiation shields around the aperture and (b) a 3 mm thick quartz glass window held by a metal frame affixed to the aperture of the receiver cavity
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
(a) Front view of the solar receiver showing the radiation shields around the aperture and (b) a 3 mm thick quartz glass window held by a metal frame affixed to the aperture of the receiver cavity
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 4

A schematic diagram of the stand-alone solar receiver test loop

+A schematic diagram of the stand-alone solar receiver test loop
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A schematic diagram of the stand-alone solar receiver test loop
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 5

Stand-alone solar receiver operation without preheating inlet gas at 75% full flow (Mar. 5, 2015): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures

+Stand-alone solar receiver operation without preheating inlet gas at 75% full flow (Mar. 5, 2015): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Stand-alone solar receiver operation without preheating inlet gas at 75% full flow (Mar. 5, 2015): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 6

Stand-alone solar receiver operation without preheating inlet gas at full flow (Mar. 6, 2015): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures

+Stand-alone solar receiver operation without preheating inlet gas at full flow (Mar. 6, 2015): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Stand-alone solar receiver operation without preheating inlet gas at full flow (Mar. 6, 2015): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 7

Stand-alone solar receiver operation with preheating inlet gas at partial flow of 700 kg/h (Nov. 14, 2014): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures

+Stand-alone solar receiver operation with preheating inlet gas at partial flow of 700 kg/h (Nov. 14, 2014): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Stand-alone solar receiver operation with preheating inlet gas at partial flow of 700 kg/h (Nov. 14, 2014): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 8

Stand-alone solar receiver operation with a quartz window and preheating inlet gas at partial flow of 700 kg/h (Jan. 8, 2015): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures

+Stand-alone solar receiver operation with a quartz window and preheating inlet gas at partial flow of 700 kg/h (Jan. 8, 2015): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Stand-alone solar receiver operation with a quartz window and preheating inlet gas at partial flow of 700 kg/h (Jan. 8, 2015): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 9

Stand-alone solar receiver operation without a quartz window and with preheating inlet gas at partial flow of 700 kg/h (Jan. 9, 2015): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures

+Stand-alone solar receiver operation without a quartz window and with preheating inlet gas at partial flow of 700 kg/h (Jan. 9, 2015): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Stand-alone solar receiver operation without a quartz window and with preheating inlet gas at partial flow of 700 kg/h (Jan. 9, 2015): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 10

Simulated flux map of CO2 solar absorber panels from ray-tracing software heliosim: (a) solar receiver with a single focus point and (b) solar receiver with five multiple focus points

+Simulated flux map of CO2 solar absorber panels from ray-tracing software heliosim: (a) solar receiver with a single focus point and (b) solar receiver with five multiple focus points
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Simulated flux map of CO2 solar absorber panels from ray-tracing software heliosim: (a) solar receiver with a single focus point and (b) solar receiver with five multiple focus points
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 11

Stand-alone solar receiver operation with multiple focus points and without preheating inlet gas at full flow (Mar. 27, 2015): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures

+Stand-alone solar receiver operation with multiple focus points and without preheating inlet gas at full flow (Mar. 27, 2015): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Stand-alone solar receiver operation with multiple focus points and without preheating inlet gas at full flow (Mar. 27, 2015): (a) DNI and absorbed heat rate, (b) estimated solar receiver thermal efficiency and measured temperatures, and (c) mass flow rate and pressures

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