Embedded Distribution Systems for Enhanced Energy Resilience

Shuoqi Wang; Amy A. Kim; Dorothy A. Reed

doi:10.1115/1.4035063

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering | Volume 139 | Issue 1 | research-article

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Research Papers

Embedded Distribution Systems for Enhanced Energy Resilience

Shuoqi Wang, Amy A. Kim and Dorothy A. Reed

[+] Author and Article Information

Shuoqi Wang

Department of Industrial and
Systems Engineering,
University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195
e-mail: shuoqw@uw.edu

Amy A. Kim

Assistant Professor
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering,
University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195
e-mail: amyakim@uw.edu

Dorothy A. Reed

Professor
Department or Civil and Environmental Engineering,
University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195
e-mail: reed@uw.edu

¹Corresponding author.

Contributed by the Solar Energy Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING: INCLUDING WIND ENERGY AND BUILDING ENERGY CONSERVATION. Manuscript received May 6, 2016; final manuscript received October 7, 2016; published online November 10, 2016. Assoc. Editor: Patrick E. Phelan.

J. Sol. Energy Eng 139(1), 011005 (Nov 10, 2016) (9 pages) Paper No: SOL-16-1211; doi: 10.1115/1.4035063 History: Received May 06, 2016; Revised October 07, 2016

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Abstract

Recent disruptions of communities due to natural hazard events such as hurricanes and earthquakes have led to increased calls for improved resiliency of the built environment. The “built environment” denotes constructed facilities such as buildings and bridges, as well as infrastructure systems such as power delivery, transportation roadways, and water utilities. “Resiliency” is defined here as the “recovery and adaptability” during and after events which disrupt civil infrastructure services. In the context of this paper, the critically important service is energy delivery, on which many other services such as communications and transportation networks depend. The robustness of the building energy supply can be significantly enhanced through on-site renewable sources such as photovoltaic panels coupled with storage batteries. The degree to which the energy demand is met by the on-site capacity in the future will be determined largely upon advances in renewable energy generation and storage as well as in efficiency gains for commonly used equipment and appliances such as lighting fixtures and cooling systems. In this paper, we propose an improved design approach for the energy capacity of existing and new buildings as part of a greater regional community in which the total energy capacity requirements are met through increasingly enhanced on-site permanent power links, as opposed to increased reliance on the existing power grid. The metrics for characterizing resiliency will be “robustness,” “redundancy,” “resourcefulness,” and “rapidity,” with the associated metrics for sustainability being self-reliance and intergenerational equity enhancement.

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Figures

Fig. 1

Top–down versus bottom-up approach

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Fig. 2

Electric power delivery system in the U.S. starting with generation and ending with distribution to each building (Source: Seattle City Light [20].)

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Fig. 3

Example of a community-based resilience curve for power delivery in Louisiana during and after a hurricane

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Fig. 4

Empirical derivation of the Louisiana power fragility for Hurricane Katrina (after Ref. [26])

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Fig. 5

Comparison of small changes in fragility X₀ on overall recovery X(t)

Comparison of small changes in fragility X0 on overall recovery X(t)

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Fig. 6

Schematic of the building perma-power link timeline

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Fig. 7

Roof-top view of the proposed PV panel placement (Source: Google Maps.)

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Fig. 8

Comparison of BPPL applied to lighting and HVAC of the HUB for 2014–2015

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Wang S, Kim AA, Reed DA. Embedded Distribution Systems for Enhanced Energy Resilience. ASME. J. Sol. Energy Eng. 2016;139(1):011005-011005-9. doi:10.1115/1.4035063.

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